We live in a great time! the industrial revolution gives us advanced manufacturing, computers, telecommunication, and affordable means of transportation. The Industrial Revolution started in 1453, with the conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire. This unleashes both the renaissance and the age of discovery. The industrial revolution started with the invention of Coke in 1600, the invention of new gears due to advanced math in 1650, and the emergence of steel. Better engines eventually brought us further from home, and unleashed new needs to communication. New modes of communication, such as telegraph and telephone, brought new switching devices such as vacuum tubes, and transistors. The transistor, in turn, give us the age of silicon chips.