Nowadays, soft X-Ray microscopy technology is one of br the hottest methods that researches and observes the biological br samples of natural state, whose resolution is higher than the br imaging drawing of optical microscope and near to the imaging br drawing of electron microscope. The technology is simple for the br preparation of biological sample, which needs only br ultramicrocut. And the working procedure of traditional br pathology check, such as freezing, sealing wax, dehydration and br dyeing, etc. isn’t needed. A kind of image recognition system is br selected in the paper, which identifies and researches the tissue br morphological characteristics of ultrastructure imaging drawing br of squamocellular cancer of esophagus obtained by soft X-Ray br microscopy. The system mainly consists of components of image br preprocessing, image segmentation, cellular feature extraction br and cellular feature recognition, etc. Image preprocessing br includes grayscale transformation, histogram adjustment, etc. br Image segmentation includes segmentation based on the br threshold, image processing based on the structure morphology br of cell tissue, and edge detection, etc. In cellular feature br extraction, the method of extracting area connected is used. And br in cellular feature recognition, the judgment of area ratio of br nucleus and cytoplasm is adopted. According to the morphology br characteristics of tissue ultrastructure of squamocellular cancer br of esophagus, a kind of cancer identification method based on the br area threshold is employed emphatically in the paper, aiming at br distinguishing the normal cell and cancer cell successfully.