This new text represents the most detailed and comprehensive book presenting modern practice and theory relevant to the thermal-flow performance evaluation, design, and optimization of air-cooled heat exchangers and cooling towers. He also provides modern analytical and empirical tools used to evaluate the thermal-flow performance and design of air-cooled heat exchangers and cooling towers. Kroger covers how to prepare improved specifications and evaluate more critical bids with respect to thermal performance of new cooling systems. Further, Kroger explores improvement possibilities with respect to retrofits of existing cooling units as well as possible impacts of plant operations and environmental influences.