The absence of rate limiting on email-related actions (e.g., login attempts, password reset requests) allows unlimited requests without restriction.br br Impact:br br Brute Force Attacks: Attackers can guess passwords through repeated attempts.br Email Bombing: Flooding a user's inbox with excessive requests.br Account Enumeration: Identifying valid email addresses by observing server responses.br Service Overload: Straining the server with high request volumes.br Mitigation: Implement rate limiting and CAPTCHA to prevent abuse.