How did capitalism rise to dominate the world — and where is it headed next? This in-depth analysis traces the journey from early merchant banking and colonial trading companies, through the industrial revolution, globalisation, and into today’s high-speed, interconnected financial system. We explore the deep connections between markets and governments, the role of institutions like the IMF, World Bank, and WTO, and the hidden influence of shadow banking.br We also examine the benefits and costs of capitalism — from lifting millions out of poverty to triggering global crises — and discuss the competing visions for the post-capitalist future.