producers ... such a policy would be foolish and suicidal for the party that tried to apply it. —Vladimir Lenin on the Marxist rationale for keeping private property.[99] The Three Represents, literally a Marxism adapted to Chinese conditions, was adopted by the party at the 16th National Congress.[100] Certain segments within the CPC criticized the Three Represents as being un-Marxist and a betrayal of basic Marxist values, supporters viewed it as a further development of socialism with Chinese characteristics.[101] Jiang disagreed, and had concluded that attaining the communist mode of production, as formulated by earlier communists, was more complex than had been realized, and that it was useless to try to force a change in the mode of production, as it had to develop naturally, by following the economic laws of history.[102] The theory is most notable for allowing capitalists, officially referred to as the new social strata, to join the party on the grounds that they engaged in honest labor and work and through their labour contributed to build[ing] socialism with Chinese characteristics.[103] The 3rd Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee conceived and formulated the ideology of the Scientific Outlook on Development.[104] It is considered to be Hu Jintaos contribution to the official ideological discourse.[105] To apply the Scientific Outlook on Development to Chinese conditions, the CPC must adhere to building a Harmonious Socialist Society.[106] Economics[edit] Deng did not believe that the fundamental difference between the capitalist mode of production and the socialist mode of production was central planning versus free markets. He said, A planned economy is not the definition of socialism, because there is planning under capitalism; the market economy happens under socialism, too. Planning and market forces are both ways of controlling economic activity.[36] Jiang Zemin supported Dengs thinking, and stated in a party gathering that it did